Cannabinoids in Bipolar Affective Disorder a Review and Discussion of Their Therapeutic Potential
Understanding the Nuts of Bipolar Disorder
Editor's Annotation: If you're feeling suicidal, having thoughts about harming yourself or believe someone you lot know may be in danger of harming themselves, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at one-800-273-8255 to obtain confidential support. This resource is gratuitous and attainable 24 hours a day, seven days a week. TTY users tin can dial 711, followed by 1-800-273-8255. The arrangement also offers the Lifeline Chat service for online support.
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental wellness status that was previously referred to equally "manic low." It causes frequent shifts in mood, energy and activity levels. People with bipolar disorder experience strong feelings of sadness, guilt and hopelessness during episodes of depression, and these are followed by extreme periods of happiness called mania.
Symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary from person to person in terms of severity and duration. For some people, feelings of depression and elevated moods may rotate or cycle. For others, moods might shift quickly or feelings of depression and elevated mood might alternate over a period of months. The condition tin can sometimes escalate and include symptoms of delusions, hallucinations and other types of psychosis that disconnect a person from reality.
Bipolar disorder impacts approximately 4.iv% of adults in the United states of america during their lifetimes. Virtually commonly, symptoms begin in adolescence and young adulthood, but they may appear in babyhood also. At that place is no cure for bipolar disorder, and without treatment, this condition can lead to negative effects on a person'southward finances, relationships and even their standing with the police force. However, treatment options are bachelor to help manage symptoms and stabilize twenty-four hours-to-24-hour interval life.
Symptoms and Warning Signs of Bipolar Disorder
During mood episodes of bipolar disorder, people experience intense emotional and behavioral changes that concluding for most of the day for multiple days or weeks at a time. The symptoms that a person experiences differ during depressive episodes and manic episodes. Symptom expression tin can vary, but typically an individual will experience three or more of the following symptoms from these lists during each blazon of episode:
Depressive episodes may include:
- Feelings of sadness, emptiness or hopelessness
- Changes in slumber patterns (more or less sleep than usual)
- Increased ambition
- Forgetfulness or difficulty concentrating
- Loss of interest in or difficulty completing daily tasks
- Decreased sex activity drive or ability to feel pleasure
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Manic episodes may include:
- Elated mood
- Irritability
- Decreased need for sleep
- Loss of appetite
- Rapid speech and actions
- Racing thoughts
- Feelings of increased importance or power
- Changes in judgment (can often involve higher-adventure behaviors like spending large amounts of money, engaging in unsafe sexual practices or impulsively making major life decisions)
It's important to keep in heed that depression and mania exist on a mood spectrum, and a person might feel changes in mood that don't quite fit the criteria for either extreme just that tin still cause a disruption to their daily life. For example, "hypomania" refers to an elevated mood that may non include the extreme behavioral changes that accept identify during manic episodes. It's also possible to experience a mixed episode that includes symptoms from both of the above lists. Typically, someone with bipolar disorder experiences this as increased sadness or hopelessness with simultaneous increased energy or irritability.
Sometimes it's difficult for individuals to identify symptoms while they're experiencing them. A close family member or friend might point out changes in beliefs that may indicate the onset of symptoms.
Causes and Hazard Factors for Bipolar Disorder
Although the precise prepare of causes of bipolar disorder is unknown, experts believe that a number of genetic and environmental factors are responsible. Studies show that genetics and environmental factors both play a part in the onset of symptoms. Causes may include:
- Structure of the brain: Imaging studies suggest that those living with bipolar disorder may accept structural changes in certain parts of their brains that influence the way signals are conducted, impacting mood and behavior.
- Genetic changes: There's no one gene linked to bipolar disorder, just certain genes may brand information technology more than probable that someone develops bipolar disorder. This means that having a shut relative with the diagnosis makes information technology more than probable that an private will experience bipolar disorder.
- Stress: Experiencing traumatic or highly stressful life events without adequate support may increment the likelihood of developing symptoms of bipolar disorder or trigger their onset in people who are predisposed to this disorder.
- Substance abuse: In some cases, excessive utilize of drugs or booze can deed every bit a trigger for severe mood episodes in those who are predisposed to bipolar disorder.
There are several conditions that tend to coincide with bipolar disorder. This can complicate diagnosis and treatment. These include:
- Anxiety disorders
- Attending deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Eating disorders (such as binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa)
- Thyroid disorders
- Migraine headaches
- Heart disease
Testing and Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
If you discover that you're experiencing extreme mood swings, it's important to speak with a healthcare professional person. This tin be your medical provider or a mental health specialist like a psychologist or a psychiatrist. These professionals can employ a diverseness of diagnostic tools to aid decide whether y'all're living with bipolar disorder or another condition.
- Cess: In assessing for a mood disorder, a provider will likely ask questions about your lifestyle, relationships, family history, mood and sleep patterns, substance utilize and daily activities. It's important to answer these questions honestly so the provider can identify whether you're at risk. In social club to be fix to answer these questions, information technology can be helpful to maintain a log of your mood changes and how long they final over time. Keep rail of how you act and how you experience, and talk to your friends and family unit about whether they've noticed anything out of character or unusual in the fashion you've been acting.
- Blood work: Afterwards asking you lot a serial of questions, a provider may lodge certain blood or urine tests to rule out whatever physical explanations for your mood swings, like thyroid abnormalities or substances in your organisation. Make sure that, when y'all nourish your appointment, you lot bring information about any medications you're currently taking.
- Scans: Some brain injuries or tumors produce symptoms that are similar to bipolar disorder. If your doc has a medical reason to doubtable such a problem, they might social club a CT browse or an MRI. A specialist will starting time to treat these types of weather condition equally soon every bit possible, and your symptoms will probable stop.
In order to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, your symptoms must align with those listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This is a handbook that helps healthcare professionals diagnose mental health conditions. There are four subcategories of bipolar disorder that a provider might identify during diagnosis:
- Bipolar I: Symptoms of depression lasting for at to the lowest degree two weeks, and accompanying manic behavior lasting for at least one calendar week
- Bipolar Two: Characterized by less severe mood swings alternating between periods of hypomania and depression — manic feelings and behaviors are not symptoms of this condition
- Cyclothymic disorder: Periods of hypomania and depressive symptoms that last for at least two years in adults — symptoms tin be more subtle and may non meet criteria for manic or depressive episodes
- Not otherwise specified: Symptoms of depression, hypomania or mania that impair an individual's functioning but don't meet the pattern criteria above
Preventing and Treating Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder isn't a condition that y'all can necessarily prevent. You cannot control your genetics, and you cannot control many negative situations that may occur in your life. The all-time preventative measures are to stay informed, monitor your symptoms, find out whether mood disorders run in your family unit and listen to your friends or family unit if they point out whatsoever significant changes in your behavior. It's important to seek handling for bipolar disorder as soon as these changes become noticeable. Without proper supportive treatment, symptoms may go worse and increase the run a risk of harm or hospitalization.
Handling modalities for bipolar disorder may include one or a combination of the following:
- Psychotherapy: Several types of talk therapy exist to help support an private in addressing disruptive emotions, idea patterns and behaviors.
- Medications: Your provider may prescribe these alone or in combination with individual therapy. A variety of psychotropic medications have the potential to exist helpful in targeting the mood and sleep symptoms of bipolar disorder. It can accept time to find a medication regimen that works for you lot, and providers may offer trials for the following types of medication:
- Encephalon stimulation: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment method that stimulates your encephalon through electric currents and can relieve symptoms of bipolar disorder. Patients are typically under general anesthesia for this procedure, which is repeated over a menstruum of time. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has also been studied as a less invasive way of stimulating the brain to regulate moods.
- Twenty-four hour period handling or hospitalization: If symptoms are severe, intensive outpatient or inpatient treatment allows mental wellness professionals to monitor symptoms, adjust medications as needed and help stabilize moods in a condom environment. Most frequently this type of handling is constituent; hospitalization is only required if a person is an imminent danger to themself or others.
It's very important to notice a trusted healthcare provider to work with in creating a treatment programme. Treatment is typically lifelong, and consistent monitoring and treatment adjustments are normally necessary to create balance and safe for you while y'all're living with bipolar disorder.
If y'all or someone you know is struggling with symptoms of bipolar disorder, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Assistants has a national helpline to connect people with local mental health support services and groups. Many patients experience success through support networks. Past interacting with peers and discussing common problems, patients, forth with their friends and family, are better able to cope with the challenges of bipolar disorder.
Resource Links:
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/wellness/topics/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/bipolar-disorder.shtml
https://world wide web.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355961
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pcn.12852
https://www.samhsa.gov/find-aid/national-helpline
https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/x.1177/2045125320973790
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Source: https://www.symptomfind.com/health-conditions/bipolar-disorder-condition?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740013%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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